In strategic management, which analysis is used to understand the macro-environmental factors?

PEST Analysis is indeed focused on understanding macro-environmental factors that can affect an organization. This analysis examines Political, Economic, Social, and Technological factors, allowing businesses to gain insights into the broader external environment. Conducting a PEST analysis helps organizations to identify potential opportunities and threats from outside their immediate operational environment, which can significantly influence strategic planning and decision-making.

In contrast, SWOT Analysis concentrates on an organization's internal Strengths and Weaknesses, as well as external Opportunities and Threats, but does not specifically isolate macro-environmental factors. Porter’s Five Forces evaluates the competitive forces within an industry, focusing on how these forces affect profitability. Value Chain Analysis examines internal organizational processes and activities to identify where value can be added. While each of these analyses is valuable in different contexts, PEST Analysis directly addresses the larger macro factors influencing businesses.